List of Sumerian Plants

[ummia-inim-gina]

Note: This post is currently incomplete more entries are Pending.




U2 (ú "grass", "plant"), preceding names of plants

Plant
ANIŠ [PLANT] wr. AN.IŠ "a plant?"
GARNAGAR [PLANT] wr. GAR.NAGAR "a plant"
IGIgi [PLANT] wr. IGI-gi4; IGI-gi4sar "a plant"
LAK175na [PLANT] wr. u2LAK175-na "a plant"
NIa [PLANT] wr. NI-asar "a plant"
UDGIŠGIŠNUN [PLANT] wr. ĝešhašhurUD.GIŠ%GIŠ.NUN "a plant" Akk. sippirû
UDSAR [PLANT] wr. u2UDsar "a plant" Akk. ?
abrušum [PLANT] wr. ab2-ru-šum "medicinal plant" Akk. aprušu
abušu [PLANT] wr. u2a-bu4-šu2 "plant" Akk. amuššu
ad [BUSH] wr. ad5; ad2 "a thorn bush" Akk. ašāgu; eddidu; eddittu
adar [PLANT] wr. ĝeša-dar "a type of wood; a plant" Akk. atartu; na-ba-zu-um
amani [PLANT] wr. u2ama-ni "a plant"
amharu [PLANT] wr. am-ha-ru "a plant" Akk. alamû; amhara
amsihara [PLANT] wr. u2am-si-ha-ra; am-si-ha-ra "a plant"
amsiharranak [PLANT] wr. u2am-si-har-ra-an-na "a plant"
andahšum [PLANT] wr. an-dah-šum "a plant" Akk. andahšu
aštaltal [PLANT] wr. aš-tal2-tal2 "a plant" Akk. ardadillu
ašudab [OIL] wr. a-šu-dab6 "a qualification of oil?; an oil producing plant?"
atutu [PLANT] wr. u2a-tu-tu "a type of plant"
azalla [PLANT] wr. a-zal-la2 "a medicinal plant" Akk. azallû
babbarhi [PLANT] wr. babbar-hi "a plant" Akk. parparhû
barbar [PLANT] wr. bar-barsar "a plant"
bariratum [PLANT] wr. ba-ri-ra-tum "a plant" Akk. barīrātu
billum [MANDRAKE] wr. ĝešbil2-lum "mandrake" Akk. pilû
bulug [PLANT] wr. u2bulug "a plant"
buzin [PLANT] wr. bu-zi2-in "a plant" Akk. buşinnu
damšelum [PLANT] wr. dam-še-lum; ĝešhašhurdam-šil-lum "a plant" Akk. damšillu
dih [WEED] wr. ĝešdih3; dih3; ĝeštehi "a weed with thorns" Akk. baltu
dim [PLANT] wr. dim "plant"
dimgi [PLANT] wr. dim3-gi4 "a plant"
dimšilum [WOOD] wr. ĝešdim-ši-lum; ĝešdim3 "a type of wood" Akk. damšillu
du [PLANT] wr. du3 "to plant; to fix upright, erect; to impregnate; to drive in, fix; a designation of grain" Akk. retû; zaqāpu
dumuni [PLANT] wr. u2dumu-ni "a plant"
eme'urgirak [PLANT] wr. u2eme-ur-gir15-ra "a plant"
gakkul [HEART] wr. gakkul; gakkul3; gakkul3sar "heart (of a plant)"
ganazi [PLANT] wr. gana2-zisar "a plant" Akk. kanašû; kanašuttu
ganše [PLANT] wr. gana2-šesar; gana2-še; gan2-šesar "plant"
gazi [CONDIMENT] wr. gazi; gazi2 "mustard seed or licorice" Akk. kasû
girinum [PLANT] wr. ĝešgi-ri-num2 "a plant" Akk. girinnu
gu'ira [PLANT] wr. gu3-i3-ra "a plant"
gugutum [PLANT] wr. gu-gu-tum "a plant" Akk. gugutum
ĝešarina [PLANT] wr. ĝeš-arinax(|[e-mail]|) "a plant" Akk. šinbiltu
ĝiri'uga [PLANT] wr. u2ĝir3-ugamušen "a plant"
ĝiri'urgira [PLANT] wr. u2ĝir3-ur-gi7-ra "a plant"
ĝirimua [PLANT] wr. u2ĝir3-mu2-a "a plant"
ĝisalen [PLANT] wr. ĝisal-ensar "a plant"
hab [PLANT] wr. u2hab2 "a plant"
haran [PLANT] wr. u2har-an "a plant"
hazanum [PLANT] wr. ha-za-nu-umsar "a plant"
hub [PLANT] wr. u2hub2 "a plant (used for dying leather)"
hurium [PLANT] wr. u2hu-ri2-um "a plant"
huš [PLANT] wr. ĝešhuš "a plant" Akk. kalbānu
hušmesmes [PLANT] wr. huš-mes-messar "a plant"
inana [PLANT] wr. dinanasar "a plant"
ingi [PLANT] wr. in-gi4sar; in-gi4 "a plant"
innuš [PLANT] wr. in-nu-uš2 "a plant" Akk. maštakal
kamkammatum [PLANT] wr. kam-kam-ma-tumsar "a plant"
kamušegu'e [PLANT] wr. u2ka-muš-e-gu7-e "a plant"
kazal [PLANT] wr. u2ka-zal "a plant"
kišig [ACACIA] wr. u2kišig2; kišig2; ĝeškišig2; ĝeškišig; u2kiši10; u2kišig; u2kiši5; kišix(|KI.SAG@n|) "an acacia" Akk. ašāgu
kul [PLANT] wr. u2kul; u2kul-la; u2kukul2 "a plant, weed" Akk. išbabtu
kurdillum [PLANT] wr. ĝešhašhurkur-dil-lum "a plant"
ligi [PLANT] wr. u2li-gi4 "a plant"
ligidba [PLANT] wr. ligidba "a medicinal plant" Akk. nikiptu
lilangi [PLANT] wr. u2li-la-an-gi4; ĝešla-la-an-gi4; li-la-gi; x-li-gi "a plant"
lili [PLANT] wr. u2li-li "a plant"
lilibizida [PLANT] wr. u2li-li-bi-zi-da "a thorny plant" Akk. dadaru
liligi [PLANT] wr. li-li-gi; li-li-gi4; u2-li-gu2sar; u2li-li-ga "a cucumber-like plant" Akk. liligû
lugal [PLANT] wr. gilugal "a plant"
maš [PLANT] wr. ĝešmaš "plant"
mašgurum [PLANT] wr. ĝešmaš-gurum "a plant"
mulgana [PLANT] wr. mul-gana2 "type of plant"
munzer [LICORICE] wr. munzer "licorice?" Akk. aşuşimtu; supālu
nagar [PLANT] wr. nagarsar "a plant"
naĝa [POTASH] wr. naĝa; na-ma "potash, soap" Akk. uhūlu
naĝasi'e [PLANT] wr. naĝa-si-e3 ; naĝa-si "a plant" Akk. uhūlu
niĝamani [PLANT] wr. u2niĝ2-ama-ni "a plant"
niĝburuburude [PLANT] wr. u2niĝ2-buru3-buru3-de3 "type of plant"
niĝkiluha [STONE] wr. ĝešniĝ2-ki-luh-ha "stone or seed of a plant" Akk. abnu
niĝnagar [PLANT] wr. niĝ2-nagarsar "a plant"
niĝurum [PLANT] wr. u2niĝ2-u2-rum "a plant"
niktum [PLANT] wr. ni-ik-tum "a plant used as a dye" Akk. niqdu
nim [PLANT] wr. u2nim "a plant"
nug [PLANT] wr. nug; nug2 "an aromatic plant" Akk. nukkatu
nugi [PLANT] wr. u2nu-gi "a thorny plant" Akk. ša'tu
nugig [PLANT] wr. u2nu-gig "a plant"
piriĝGI [PLANT] wr. piriĝ-GI "a plant"
ribba [PLANT] wr. u2rib-ba "type of plant"
sikil [PLANT] wr. u2sikil "a medicinal plant" Akk. sikillu
sud [PLANT] wr. su-ud "plant" Akk. hahinnu
sudin [PLANT] wr. u2su-din "a plant"
šagi [PLANT] wr. ša3-gisar "a plant" Akk. pukuli
šakira [PLANT] wr. u2šakira3; u2šakira; u2šakirax(|URU×MIN+NI+GA|) "a plant" Akk. šakirû
še [PLANT] wr. šesar "a plant"
šemar [PLANT] wr. še-mar "a plant; a type of barley"
šena [PLANT] wr. u2še-na2 "a plant"
šimbirida [PLANT] wr. šimbiridasar; |U2.KUR|? "a medicinal plant" Akk. nīnû
teme [PLANT] wr. teme; teme2 "a plant" Akk. šāmitu
tir [PLANT] wr. u2tir "a plant"
uDULDINka [PLANT] wr. u2-DUL.DIN-ka "type of plant"
uURUua [PLANT] wr. u2-URU-u3-a "type of plant"
u [PLANT] wr. u6sar "a plant"
u [PLANTS] wr. u2 "bread, loaf; food; grass, herb; pasture; plant(s)" Akk. akalu; rîtu; šammu
ug [PLANT] wr. ug "a plant"
uĝeš [PLANT] wr. u2-ĝeš "type of plant"
uhašhurak [PLANT] wr. u2-ĝešhašhur "a plant" Akk. hašhurakku
ulal [PLANT] wr. u2-lal3 "a plant" Akk. ?
uli'a [PLANT] wr. u2-li-asar "a plant" Akk. dišu
ulullumtum [PLANT] wr. u2-lu-ul-lum-tum "a plant"
unin [PLANT] wr. u2-nin9 "a plant"
urNENE [PLANT] wr. ur2-NE-NEsar "a plant"
uranna [PLANT] wr. u2u2-ra-an-na "a plant" Akk. urantu
urur [PLANT] wr. ur-ursar "a plant"
usaga [PLANT] wr. u2-saga11 "plant bundle"
usarra [PLANT] wr. u2-sar-ra "type of plant"
ušeg [PLANT] wr. u2-šegx(|HA@g|) "a plant" Akk. ašāgu
ušumunda [PLANT] wr. u2-šumunda "a plant"
zahadin [VEGETABLE] wr. za-ha-din; za-ha-dinsar; šum2za-ha-din; za-ha-tisar; zu-ha-ti-nu; sum-ha-dinsar "a plant, a leek?" Akk. nušû; šuhatinnu
zahan [PLANT] wr. zahan2; zahan "a garden plant" Akk. zahannu
zahili [PLANT] wr. za3-hi-li; za3-hi-lisar; ša3-hi-lisar; hi-lisar?; za-hi-li; za-ha-e "a plant; an edible seed" Akk. sahlû
zarraštum [PLANT] wr. ĝešzar-raš-tum; ĝešza-ri3-aš-tum "a plant" Akk. zarraštu
zarsi [PLANT] wr. ĝešzar-si; ĝešzar3-si "a plant" Akk. zarraštu
zibatum [PLANT] wr. zi-ba-tum; zi-ib-ba-tumsar "an aromatic seed; a garden plant" Akk. zibnatu; zibītu
ŠIMga [PLANT] wr. u2ŠIM-ga "a plant"

[ummia-inim-gina]

acacia
kišig [ACACIA] wr. ^u2kišig2; kišig2; ĝeškišig2; ĝeškišig; ^u2kiši10; u2kišig; u2kiši5; kišix(|KI.SAG@n|) "an acacia" Akk. Ašāgu

acorn
alla [OAK] wr. alla "oak; acorn; a suppository" Akk. allānu
allanum [OAK] wr. al-la-num2; ĝešal-la-nu-um; al-la-an "oak; acorn; acorn-shaped bead" Akk. Allānu
agricultural classification
ka’aDU [AGRICULTURE] wr. ka-a-DU "an agricultural classification"
agricultural commodity
šegazi [COMMODITY] wr. še-gazi "an agricultural commodity"
agricultural product
kimun [PRODUCT] wr. ki-mun "an agricultural product"
zizibianum [PRODUCT] wr. zi-zi-bi2-a-num2 "an agricultural product"
agricultural products
mungazi [~AGRICULTURE] wr. mun-gazi "a class of agricultural products"
agricultural products
mungazi [~AGRICULTURE] wr. mun-gazi "a class of agricultural products"

alfalfa grass
numun [GRASS] wr. ^u2numun2; ^u2|ZI&ZI|; šu-mu; ^u2|A.ZI&ZI|; u2|ZI&ZI.A|; u2|ZI&ZI.EŠ2.ŠE|; šu-mu-un "alfalfa grass" Akk. Elpetu

alkaline plant
innuš [PLANT] wr. in-nu-uš2 "a plant" Akk. maštakal
teme [PLANT] wr. teme; teme2 "a plant" Akk. Šāmitu

alliaceous
andahšum [PLANT] wr. an-dah-šum "a plant" Akk. andahšu

aromatic plant
nug [PLANT] wr. nug; nug2 "an aromatic plant" Akk. nukkatu
aromatic seed
zibatum [PLANT] wr. zi-ba-tum; zi-ib-ba-tumsar "an aromatic seed; a garden plant" Akk. zibnatu; zibītu
zibitum [SEED] wr. šezi-bi2-tum "an aromatic seed"
aromatic tree

asafoetida
nuhara [ASAFOETIDA] wr. nu-ha-rasar "asafoetida"
nuluha [ASAFOETIDA] wr. nu-luh-hasar "asafoetida"

chaff
e [CHAFF] wr. e3 "chaff" Akk. hāmū
eštum [CHAFF?] wr. eš3-tum "chaff?" Akk. iltu?
inbulbul [CHAFF?] wr. in-bul5-bul5 "an agricultural product, chaff?, hay?, straw?"
indal [CHAFF] wr. in-dal "chaff"
innu [STRAW] wr. in; in-nu; in-u-da "straw" Akk. tibnu

juice
ligidba [PLANT] wr. ligidba "a medicinal plant" Akk. nikiptu
nigib [RESIN] wr. ni-gi4-ib2 "a resin, perhaps spurge" Akk. nikiptu

kindling
gibil [FIREWOOD] wr. gigibil2; gigibil; gigibil3; ĝešgibil2 "firewood tinder, taper, kindling" Akk. gibillû; kibirru; makaddu; qilûtu
kur [WOOD] wr. ĝeškur; ĝeškur4 "log?" Akk. kūru; kiskibirru

licorice
gazi [CONDIMENT] wr. gazi; gazi2 "mustard seed or licorice" Akk. kasû
ĝeššeš [LICORICE] wr. ĝeš-šeš "licorice tree" Akk. šūšu
munzer [LICORICE] wr. munzer "licorice?" Akk. aşuşimtu; supālu
šušum [LICORICE] wr. šušum "licorice" Akk. šûšu

loin
ur [ROOT] wr. ur2; ur5 "root, base; limbs; loin, lap" Akk. išdu; mešrêtu; sūnu; utlu

medicinal plant
abrušum [PLANT] wr. ab2-ru-šum "medicinal plant" Akk. aprušu
azalla [PLANT] wr. a-zal-la2 "a medicinal plant" Akk. azallû
ligidba [PLANT] wr. ligidba "a medicinal plant" Akk. nikiptu
sikil [PLANT] wr. u2sikil "a medicinal plant" Akk. sikillu
šimbirida [PLANT] wr. šimbiridasar; |U2.KUR|? "a medicinal plant" Akk. nīnû

mullein
buzin [PLANT] wr. bu-zi2-in "a plant" Akk. buşinnu

oil producing plant
ašudab [OIL] wr. a-šu-dab6 "a qualification of oil?; an oil producing plant?"

palmheart
šagĝešnimbar [PALMHEART] wr. šag4-ĝešnimbar "palmheart"

phps. camelthorn
ad [BUSH] wr. ad5; ad2 "a thorn bush" Akk. ašāgu; eddidu; eddittu
kišig [ACACIA] wr. u2kišig2; kišig2; ĝeškišig2; ĝeškišig; u2kiši10; u2kišig; u2kiši5; kišix(|KI.SAG@n|) "an acacia" Akk. ašāgu
ušeg [PLANT] wr. u2-šegx(|HA@g|) "a plant" Akk. Ašāgu

phps. sagapenum
bariratum [PLANT] wr. ba-ri-ra-tum "a plant" Akk. Barīrātu

plant used as a dye
niktum [PLANT] wr. ni-ik-tum "a plant used as a dye" Akk. niqdu
plant used for dying leather
hub [PLANT] wr. u2hub2 "a plant (used for dying leather)"

plants
kakkala [~PLANT] wr. kakkala(KU7); kakkala "a designation of plants"
šuš [BEDDING] wr. šuš5 "bedding or feed for animals" Akk. zirqu
u [PLANTS] wr. u2 "bread, loaf; food; grass, herb; pasture; plant(s)" Akk. akalu; rîtu; šammu

potash
dinig [SALT] wr. di-ni-ig "salt; potash" Akk. itrānu; ţabtu
naĝa [POTASH] wr. naĝa; na-ma "potash, soap" Akk. uhūlu
naĝasi'e [PLANT] wr. naĝa-si-e3 ; naĝa-si "a plant" Akk. uhūlu
nimur [ASHES] wr. ne-mur; nimur "alkali, potash; coal; ashes; charcoal" Akk. idrānu; tumru

product s of a garden
niĝsaha [FRUIT] wr. niĝ2-sa-ha "fruit" Akk. muthummu
niĝtuhum [FRUIT] wr. niĝ2-tu-hu-um "fruit" Akk. Muthummu

reed
GINE [REED] wr. GI.NE "a type of reed" Akk. ?
KAgir [MAT] wr. KA-gir3; KA-gir; KA-gir4 "a reed mat"
adKID [WEAVER] wr. ad-KID; ad-kup5 "basket weaver; reed worker" Akk. atkuppu
agir [REED] wr. gia-gir5 "a reed"
agirgir [REED] wr. gia-gir5-gir5 "reed"
agrun [CELLA] wr. agrun "cella; bedroom; a ritual building; the sanctuary of the goddess Ningal" Akk. agarunnu; kummu; šutukku
alPIna [REED FENCE] wr. gial-PI-na "reed fence"
al [FENCING] wr. gial "reed fencing" Akk. kadaru
anzalub [PITH] wr. anzalub "reed pith" Akk. handû
azad [SHELTER] wr. azad2; azadx(|A.LAGAB×HAL.ŠU2|) "reed shelter" Akk. ašāšu
bandul [MAT] wr. giba-an-dul "a reed mat" Akk. zibnu
barbar [REED] wr. gibar-bar "a type of reed"
barhuda [TOOL] wr. bar-hu-da "a tool; a reed cutter" Akk. par hudû
bilulu [GRASS] wr. bi-lu-lu "reed grass"
bulbul [REED] wr. gibul5-bul5 "a reed"
dimgi [VEGETABLE] wr. dim-gisar "a vegetable" Akk. akkulakku; şippatu
dimuš [SHELTER] wr. dimuš "reed shelter, nest; reed stalk" Akk. kumāşu; kušāru
dirig [RAFT] wr. gidiri "reed raft" Akk. amu; hāmu
ekema [MALLET] wr. ĝeše-kid-ma; ĝeše-kid3-ma "mallet" Akk. mekkû
enbar [REED] wr. gien3-bar; en3-bar "a reed" Akk. ţubû
ešla [TOOL] wr. ĝešeš2-la2 "a stick?; a tool" Akk. mekkû
gašam [REED] wr. gašam "a reed"
gi [REED] wr. gi "reed, cane; a unit of length" Akk. qanû
gi [THICKET] wr. ĝešgi "reed thicket" Akk. ?
gibulbul [REED] wr. gi-bul5-bul5 "a type of reed"
gidid [INSTRUMENT] wr. gi-di "a musical instrument, reed flute"
gidua [FENCE] wr. gi-du3; gi-du3-a "reed fence" Akk. kikkišu
gidub [STYLUS] wr. gi-dub "stylus" Akk. qan ţuppi
gigag [REED] wr. gi-gag "pointed reed"
gigid [REED] wr. gešgi-gid2; gi-gid2 "a reed or tree; an instrument; a composition"
gilim [ROPE] wr. gilim; kilib "rope of twined reeds" Akk. kilimbu
gilsa [TREASURE] wr. gil-sa; gi16-gi16-sa "treasure" Akk. šutukku
giruš [REED] wr. gi-ru-uš "a reed"
gisal [SCREEN] wr. gi-sal "reed screen" Akk. gisallû
gisig [FENCE] wr. gi-sig; gi-sig7 "a reed fence" Akk. kikkišu
gišulhi [REED] wr. gi-šul-hi "a reed" Akk. qan šalālu
gizi [REED] wr. gi-zi "a reed" Akk. kīsu
gud [NEST] wr. gud3; gigud3 "coil of bird's nest; reed nest, shelter; nest" Akk. hīšu; kumāşu; qinnu
guhšu [ALTAR] wr. guhšu; guhšu2 "a reed altar; (a part of) a container" Akk. guhšû; šubat diqāri
ĝišellag [TOOL] wr. ĝiš-ellag "tool" Akk. mekkû
hulpad [TOOL?] wr. hulpad "a wood or a tool?" Akk. mitru
kid [MAT] wr. gikid; kid "a reed mat" Akk. kītu
kida [MAT] wr. ĝeškid-da "a type of reed mat or woven object"
kidmah [MAT] wr. gikid-mah "a type of reed mat" Akk. burû
kidmamah [MAT] wr. gikid-ma2-mah "a type of reed mat" Akk. burû
kidmaniĝina [MAT] wr. gikid-ma2-niĝin-a "a type of reed mat; boat-cover" Akk. burû
kidmašagak [MAT] wr. gikid-ma2-šag4-ga "a type of reed mat"
kidmašua [MAT] wr. gikid-ma2-šu2-a "a type of reed mat; boat-cover" Akk. burû
muru [MAT] wr. gimurux "a reed mat used as a cover" Akk. burû
nabhatum [CONTAINER] wr. kušna-ah-ba-tum; kušna-ab-ha-tum "a case for precious objects" Akk. nahbatu
niĝmah [MAT] wr. niĝ2-mah "a reed mat" Akk. zibnu
niĝna [BAG] wr. kušniĝ2-na4 "money bag" Akk. kīsu
pela [REED] wr. gipe-el-la2; gipe-el "a type of reed"
sagi [BUNDLE] wr. sa-gi "reed bundle"
saĝkud [REED PIPE] wr. gisaĝ-kud "reed pipe" Akk. sakkuttu
suhur [TOOL] wr. ĝešsuhur "a tool" Akk. mekkû
sun [REED SHOOT] wr. gisun(BAD) "reed shoot" Akk. habasillatu
susu [REED] wr. gisu7-su7 "a reed"
šašurum [OBJECT] wr. ša-šu-ru-um "a reed object"
šerrum [MAT] wr. gišer7-ru-um; gišer7-um; gišer7-ru "a reed mat" Akk. šēru
šertab [FENCE] wr. še-er-tab "a reed fence" Akk. limītu
šeš [OBJECT] wr. ĝeššeš "a metal or reed object" Akk. šušû
šutug [REED-HUT] wr. šutug; šutug2 "reed-hut, reed shelter" Akk. šutukku
ududu [REED-BUNDLE] wr. ĝešu2-du3-du3 "reed bundle" Akk. īlu
um [BIRD] wr. ummušen; um-mamušen "a bird" Akk. ummu
um [ROPE] wr. um "reed rope" Akk. ummu
usag [BUNDLE] wr. u2-sag11 "reed bundle for barrages" Akk. šūru
uš [REED] wr. uš2 "dead reed"
ušub [PART OF REED] wr. giu3-šub "part of reed"
ušub [~REED] wr. ušub "a part of a reed" Akk. Adattu

reed bundle
gilim [ROPE] wr. gilim; kilib "rope of twined reeds" Akk. kilimbu
sagi [BUNDLE] wr. sa-gi "reed bundle"
ududu [REED-BUNDLE] wr. ĝešu2-du3-du3 "reed bundle" Akk. īlu
usag [BUNDLE] wr. u2-sag11 "reed bundle for barrages" Akk. Šūru
resinous
marguzum [BUSH] wr. šimmar-gu-zum; šimal-NIN; šimal-gazumx(|ZUM.LAGAB|); šimar-gu-zum "a resinous bush" Akk. margūşu
resinous bush
marguzum [BUSH] wr. šimmar-gu-zum; šimal-NIN; šimal-gazumx(|ZUM.LAGAB|); šimar-gu-zum "a resinous bush" Akk. margūşu
spice plant
zibatum [PLANT] wr. zi-ba-tum; zi-ib-ba-tumsar "an aromatic seed; a garden plant" Akk. zibnatu; zibītu

sprout
dubul [SPROUT] wr. dubul "to sprout, grow" Akk. elēpu
gibil [SPROUT] wr. ĝešgibil "sprout, offshoot" Akk. pirʾu
gu mer [THRIVE] wr. gu2 mar-mar; gu2 me-er-me-er "to grow abundantly, thrive" Akk. hanābu
henbur [STALK] wr. gihenbur; gihenbur2; henburx(|IGI.KAK|) "stalk; growth of rushes" Akk. habburu; niplu; udittu
isimu [SPROUT] wr. isimu2mu2; isimu3mu2 "stalk, sprout, shoot" Akk. isimû; per'um
ligima [SHOOT] wr. ĝešligima "shoot, sapling" Akk. ligimû; niplu; ziqpu
lu [ABUNDANT] wr. lu "(to be) abundant; to heap up" Akk. dêšu; kamāru
si e [SPROUT] wr. si e3 "to sprout roots (malted barley)"
si mu [SPROUT] wr. si mu2 "to sprout roots (malted barley)"

stalk
abahšin [GRAIN] wr. a-ba-ah-šin "early harvested grain" Akk. abahšinnu
dimuš [SHELTER] wr. dimuš "reed shelter, nest; reed stalk" Akk. kumāşu; kušāru
habazin [CEREAL] wr. ha-ba-zi; ha-ba-zi-in; ha-ba-zi-il "cereal" Akk. abahšinnu
henbur [STALK] wr. gihenbur; gihenbur2; henburx(|IGI.KAK|) "stalk; growth of rushes" Akk. habburu; niplu; udittu
isimu [SPROUT] wr. isimu2mu2; isimu3mu2 "stalk, sprout, shoot" Akk. isimû; per'um
isin [STALK] wr. išin; i3-si-na; e-si-na; isinx(|ŠE.IGI.TUR|); isim2; isim3 "culm, grain stalk, stem" Akk. išīnu
lillan [GRAIN] wr. lillan; šelillan "ripe grain" Akk. lilliannu
sug [~GRAIN] wr. sug4; sugx(|SUD.PA.EL|); sugx(|PA.SUD.EL|) "a ripe stalk of grain or part of a stalk of grain"
zaginduru [GRAIN] wr. za-gin2-duru5 "early harvested grain" Akk. abahšinnu
stalk with ripe ears
lillan [GRAIN] wr. lillan; šelillan "ripe grain" Akk. lilliannu
stalks
gu [CORD] wr. gu "cord, net; unretted flax stalks" Akk. qû
stock of the vine
ĝeštinguruma [~VINE] wr. ĝešĝeštin-gurum-ma "stock of the vine" Akk. karān lāni; kippat karāni; tillat karāni

stone or seed of a plant
niĝkiluha [STONE] wr. ĝešniĝ2-ki-luh-ha "stone or seed of a plant" Akk. Abnu

straw chopper
innušugura [CHOPPER] wr. ĝešin-nu-šu-gur10-a "straw chopper"

string of dried fruit
šergu [STRING] wr. še-er-gu; šer7-gu; še3šer7-gu; še3-er-gu "a string of fruit" Akk. Šerku

structure
argibil [STRUCTURE] wr. ĝešar-gibil2; ĝešar-gibil; ar-gi-bil-luzabar; ar-ga-bi-nu "a wooden or bronze structure"


thorns
dih [WEED] wr. ĝešdih3; dih3; ĝeštehi "a weed with thorns" Akk. Baltu

thorny
ĝeša'abak [TREE] wr. ĝeš-ab-ba; ĝeš-a-ab-ba; ĝeš-a-ab "a tree" Akk. kušabku
lilibizida [PLANT] wr. u2li-li-bi-zi-da "a thorny plant" Akk. dadaru
nugi [PLANT] wr. u2nu-gi "a thorny plant" Akk. ša'tu
sud [PLANT] wr. su-ud "plant" Akk. hahinnu
thorny plant
lilibizida [PLANT] wr. u2li-li-bi-zi-da "a thorny plant" Akk. dadaru
nugi [PLANT] wr. u2nu-gi "a thorny plant" Akk. ša'tu
sud [PLANT] wr. su-ud "plant" Akk. hahinnu

vine
ĝeštin wr. ĝeštin; ĝešĝeštin; mu-tin; mu-ti-in "vine; wine" Akk. karānu
ĝeštinguruma [~VINE] wr. ĝešĝeštin-gurum-ma "stock of the vine" Akk. karān lāni; kippat karāni; tillat karāni

washer for peg
ir [PEG] wr. ĝešir "peg" Akk. Irru

weed
GIR [WEED] wr. ĝešGIR3; ĝešANŠE "a weed?"
LALDU [WEED] wr. u2LAL2.DU "a weed"
dih [WEED] wr. ĝešdih3; dih3; ĝeštehi "a weed with thorns" Akk. baltu
kul [PLANT] wr. u2kul; u2kul-la; u2kukul2 "a plant, weed" Akk. išbabtu
numunhul [WEED] wr. numun2-hul; numun2-hul-numun2-hul "weed"
uaši [WEED] wr. u2-a-ši "a weed"
ukul [WEED] wr. u2-kul "type of weed"
weed
GIR [WEED] wr. ĝešGIR3; ĝešANŠE "a weed?"
weed with thorns
dih [WEED] wr. ĝešdih3; dih3; ĝeštehi "a weed with thorns" Akk. baltu
wood
abhir [DRY] wr. ab-hi-ir "dry, seasoned (of wood)" Akk. nahru
adar [PLANT] wr. ĝeša-dar "a type of wood; a plant" Akk. atartu; na-ba-zu-um
alal [WOOD?] wr. a-lal3; e-le-el "a type of wood or a stone" Akk. elallu
dimšilum [WOOD] wr. ĝešdim-ši-lum; ĝešdim3 "a type of wood" Akk. damšillu
ĝeš [TREE] wr. ĝeš; mu; u5 "tree; wood; a description of animals" Akk. işu
ĝešdim [CARVER] wr. ĝeš-dim2 "wood carver" Akk. inû
haš [WOOD] wr. ĝešha-aš "a wood"
hulpad [TOOL?] wr. hulpad "a wood or a tool?" Akk. mitru
kamar [WOOD] wr. gešKA-mar; ka-mar "a wood" Akk. kamāru
kur [WOOD] wr. ĝeškur; ĝeškur4 "log?" Akk. kūru; kiskibirru
manu [WOOD] wr. ĝešma-nu; ma-nu "a wood, perhaps willow" Akk. ēru
mes [BLACKNESS] wr. mes; ĝešmes "blackness, black spot; black wood" Akk. şulmu
sugin [ROT] wr. ĝešsugin "rot; decayed matter" Akk. sumkīnu; nutāpu
sumki [WOOD] wr. sum-ki "wood shaving?"
sumun [OLD] wr. sumun "(to be) old; old wood, rot, decayed matter" Akk. labāru; nutāpu; sumkīnu
šagkal [TREE] wr. ĝeššag4-kal "a tree, a type of willow" Akk. šakkullu
tir [FOREST] wr. tir; ĝeštir "mud; forest, wood" Akk. luhummû; qištu

[ummia-inim-gina]

The tract between the Belikh and the Euphrates is in its middle section exceedingly fertile, as is implied in the name Anthemusia, and according to v. Oppenheim (Z. d. Gesellsch. f. Erdkunde, 36, 1901, p. 80) the same is true of the southern portion also. The plain extending from Urfa to a dozen miles below Harran has a rich red-brown humus derived from the Nimrud Dagh east of Edessa. The rolling plains north of the ..Abd al ..Aziz Sinjar mountain wall are intersected by the many streams of the Khabur system (the Arab geographer Mustaufi speaks of 300 feeders), which under favourable political and administrative conditions would produce a marked fertility. At Nasibin (Nisibis) rice is cultivated with success. The country south of the mountain range is steppe land, imperfectly known, and of little use except for nomadic tribes, apart from the banks of the rivers (on which see Euphrates, Tigris). It consists mainly of grey dreary flats covered with selenite; and a little below the surface, gypsum. Bitumen is found at Hit, whence perhaps its name (Babylonian Id in Tukulti Ninib II.’s inscription referred to above), and near the Tigris.2 Climate. 3 - Mesopotamia combines strong contrasts of climate, and is a connecting link between the mountain region of western Asia and the desert of Arabia. At Der ez-Zor, for example, the heat is intense. (I) In the steppe, during the sandstorms which frequently blow from the West Arabian desert the temperature may rise to 122° F. On the other hand, in winter the warm currents coming in from the Persian Gulf being met to a large extent by northerly currents from the snow-covered tracts of Armenia, are condensed down on to the plain and discharge moisture enough to cover the gravel steppes with spring herbage. (2) In the higher plains, in mid winter, since the high temperature air from the gulf is drawn up the valleys of the Euphrates and the Tigris there may be, e.g. at Mosul, a "damp mildness." In spring the grass on the rolling plains is soon parched. So when the hot sandstorms blow in the lower steppe the scorching heat is carried right up to the foot of the mountains. On the other hand, since the spurs of the Taurus bring the winter cold a long way south, and the cold increases from west to east as we leave the mild coast of the Mediterranean, far down into the Mesopotamian plain the influence of the snowcovered ridges can be felt, and in the higher parts of the plain snow and ice are not infrequent; and although there is no point of sufficient altitude to retain snow for long, the temperature may fall as low as 14° F., especially if the cold north winds are blowing.

The cycle of vegetation begins in November. The first winter rains clothe the plain with verdure, and by the beginning of the year various bulbous plants are in bloom. The full summer development is reached in June. By the end of August everything is burnt up; August and September are the low-water months in the rivers, March to May the time of flood.

Flora.
(i) Botanical lists have been published by von Oppenheim (Vom Mittelmeer zum Persischen Golf, ii. 373-388) of a collection made in 1893 containing 43 entries for Mesopotamia, and by E. Herzfeld (Herbaraufnahmen aus Kal..at-.erkat-Assur, in Beiheft II. zur Or. Lit.-Zeit, 2908, pp. 29-37) of a collection made in1903-1905in the neighbourhood of Assur, containing 181 entries. (2) The following are among the more important products of the central zone of Mesopotamia: wheat, barley, rice (e.g. at Saruj, the Khabur), millet, sesemum (for oil, instead of olive), dura (Holcus sorghum and H. bicolor); lentils, peas, beans, vetches; cotton, hemp, safflower, tobacco; Medicago sativa (for horses); cucumber, melons, water-melons, figs (those of Sinjar famed for sweetness), dates (below, ’Ana and Tekrit); a few timber trees; plane and white poplar (by streams), willow and sumach (by the Euphrates). The sides of Karaja-Dagh, J. ..Abd el-..Aziz and Sinjar are wooded, but not now the neighbourhood of Nisibis. (3) In the steppe the vegetation is that which prevails in similar soil from Central Asia to Algeria; but many of the arborescent plants that grow in the rockier and more irregular plateaux of western Asia, and especially of Persia, have been reported as missing. Endless masses of tall weeds, belonging to a few species, cover the face of the country - large Cruciferae, Cynareae and Umbelliferae - also large quantities of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra and echinata) and Lagonychium, and the white ears of the Imperata. In autumn the withered weeds are torn up by the wind and driven immense distances.

[ummia-inim-gina]

Plant life
Oak, pistachio, and ash forests covered the mountains and foothills through which the upper Tigris and Euphrates pass. In the steppe zone between the mountains and the Tigris, some vegetation can flourish year-round, but the growing season in most nonirrigated areas is quite brief; the wildflowers and other plants that appear in spring die off in the heat of May and June. In the driest zones, camel thorn and prosopis are the dominant shrubs. The densest communities of plants are to be found along the rivers and in the marshes. Various reeds and the narrow-leaved cattail are abundant, and the giant mardi reed, which reaches a height of up to 25 feet, has been used as a versatile construction material since antiquity. The Euphrates poplar and a species of willow grow in small belts beside the rivers and canals; the poplar provides strong timber for construction and boat building, as well as handles for tools. The date palm is indigenous to the region. Five-stamen tamarisk and mesquite form thickets along the lower and middle courses of the Tigris and its tributaries, up to an altitude of about 3, 300 feet. Licorice is sufficiently plentiful to allow exports.

[us4-he2-gal2]

Ummia:


Wonderful detail in these posts! I have hardly heard some of these specifics about climate and I have glanced through some relevant articles - I must send you the CANE article on Sumerian enviroment I think Hallo did it? Need to check that. But yes, some of the description you already provide is probably better - combined with information in this article perhaps a fuller picture yet. I am curious to see how this level of climate detail will compare with Jacobsen's descriptions of 3 types of agriculture producers, fishers, orchardman and shepherds.

I'm also very impressed by the methodical listing of plants your starting here - must facebook you on that point